Methodology
B. Halpern and colleagues developed this indicator by integrating 12 global datasets of anthropogenic drivers available data the 2008 and 19 global anthropogenic stressors for 2013on ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems at a 1 km2 resolution (Halpern et al. 2008; Halpern et al. 2015). The anthropogenic stressor datasets were rescaled to range from 0 to 1 and used to derive pressure data by adjusting for habitat pressure and vulnerability. The sum of the pressure data was then calculated to create the cumulative impact datasets for each year the indicator was measured. Of the original 19 anthropogenic stressors used to develop the latest 2013 dataset, a subset of the 12 stressors used to derive the 2008 dataset were used to develop a comparable 2013 human impact dataset. Halpern and colleagues developed the change in the Cumulative Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems by calculating the difference between the 2008 and 2013 (subset) pressure and cumulative impacts.
Data description
This indicator measures the amount of pressure anthropogenic drivers have on marine ecosystems. There are two datasets representing the Cumulative Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems on the Dashboard. The first dataset illustrates the most recently available conditions in 2013, which measures the impact of 19 global anthropogenic stressors on 20 different ecosystem types. The second dataset portrays the change in Cumulative Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems between 2008 and 2013. Only 12 anthropogenic stressors were used to develop the 2008 dataset, so the same 12 stressors were considered to develop a "subset" version of the 2013 dataset to provide a consistent comparison. The Change in Cumulative Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems represents the difference between these 2008 and 2013 (subset) datasets.
Indicator
Species richness
Method / tool
Impact on biodiversity (in wetlands)
Alternative website